Inventory and Alliance Supermarkets

Partnership Supermarkets has been utilizing a retail location (POS) framework for quite a while to follow its stock. The framework utilizes a laser scanner to peruse the widespread item code (UPC) on every thing at the checkout compartment. The UPC is a number that remarkably recognizes the item on which it shows up. At present, Alliance is utilizing the UPC data to refresh stock records for every thing. In spite of the fact that the framework has significantly improved the company’s capacity to renew stock speedily, the organization despite everything has some problems.For model, abrupt changes sought after for a specific thing can get the organization off guard it puts together stock recharging with respect to recorded interest designs. Further, request examples and inclinations may differ starting with one store then onto the next relying upon the clients served by each, however the stock framework bunches all interest data together and treats each store similarly. At long last, the makers that make the items loaded by Alliance Supermarkets are continually forcing Alliance to assist them with focusing on fitting clients for unique advancements and sales.The boss data official (CIO) of Alliance understands considerably more should most likely be possible with the information gathered from its POS framework. For instance, the organization could examine the connection between each product’s deals and climate designs. It is even conceivable to examine an individual customer’s purchasing propensities and recognize occurrences when a client might be convinced to attempt an alternate brand of a specific item. Assume you have been approached to consider this circumstance and propose conceivable new and creative uses for the data created by the POS system.Ideally, these thoughts should assist Alliance with bettering serve its clients by guaranteeing that satisfactory amounts of every thing are accessible, that expenses are kept low, and that clie nts are made mindful of new items that may intrigue them. 1. What data may assist Alliance with decreasing expenses while offering better support? 2. On the off chance that buy data can be gotten on singular clients, what new methodology could be utilized by Alliance?Your paper ought to be in passage structure (maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of visual cues), and bolstered with the ideas laid out in your content. Try not to remember the first inquiries of the task for the paper. Cautiously audit the Grading Rubric for the rules that will be utilized to assess your task. Coalition Analysis The CIO for Alliance Supermarkets wants to utilize the volume of information recovered with every deal by means of the Point of Sale (POS) programming that records the offer of every item as it is bar coded.There are three key issues which the CIO wishes to address: 1) have the option to react to abrupt, unexpected stock interest; 2) recognize request designs that fluctuate from store to store; 3) help the makers to all the more likely objective clients for extraordinary advancements and deals. With the utilization of POS, Alliance Supermarkets can follow deals of items and reorder them naturally. With this kind of data, the makers have prepared access to what items have been sold as they are scanned.Scanning the standardized tag for every item imparts a sign to the producers reporting the offer of every thing in stock as the deal happens. At the point when foreordained levels are reached, a request is put with the producer to recharge the stock. The POS data can likewise help makers â€Å"analyze an individual client's purchasing propensities and recognize occurrences when a client might be convinced to attempt an alternate brand of a certain product† (Vonderembse and White, 2013).Alliance Supermarkets can more readily serve its clients by having sufficient supplies of stock dependent on the manners in which that the store tracks its stock. Not excl usively will standard request renewal of stock improve consumer loyalty, however it will have the additional impact of improving efficiencies and utilizing capital assets. An interminable stock arrangement of some product, for example, transitory nourishments like meat, dairy items, and vegetables can help lower costs through more prominent efficiencies in processes.By dodging Stock Outs, clients will be able to buy their ideal items without stock expenses. Adding Safety Stock to the stock control plan can likewise help Alliance in flexing up for abrupt flood request. Exploiting volume limits is another way that expenses can be controlled all the more effectively. There isn't generally a cost investment funds in purchasing in volume. In this manner, utilizing the equation of OP = dL can be utilized to decide an ideal point to reorder. Operation = request point. d= day by day use, and L = lead time.This decides how much notification ahead of time is required all together for the stor e not to come up short on stock. (Vonderembse and White, 2013 p. 10. 4) Alliance can likewise utilize segment and buying choices dependent on POS exchanges. Arranging the information exclusively by each store will assist Alliance with recognizing buying patterns. Requests can be set explicit to each stores segment. An occasional stock control arrangement of durable things, for example, dairy items, meat and vegetables could be utilized to help evaluate the markets recharging objectives without coming up short on products.

Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basics of Macroeconomics - Essay Example Gross domestic product is principally applied in deciding the security of a country’s economy. Counts of total national output are generally done utilizing the use strategy, which includes complete utilization, speculation, government spending and net fares (Dolan, 2010). Genuine total national output alludes to GDP assessed dependent on the overall market costs in a given year. Genuine GDP can likewise be viewed as swelling rectified total national output. Genuine GDP has the ability to show changes in the value level with a high exactness contrasted with ostensible GDP (Dolan, 2010). This alludes to the GDP figure that has not gotten any alterations on swelling. It is the estimation of administrations just as merchandise delivered in a given nation after the last phase of creation. Expanded acquisition of food supplies by family units is an away from of their improved financial status. This reality improves development of existing organizations just as the rise of new speculations. In such a circumstance, the administration profits by expanded expense assortments acquired from esteem included assessment and tax collection from ventures (Dolan, 2010). This alludes to the decrease of the quantity of individuals under work in a given nation. The ramifications of undertaking such a stage remember negative effects for the administration, family units, and organizations. Monstrous cutback of workers implies that countless individuals inside a nation will have a decreased buying power. In such circumstances, family expectations for everyday comforts will descend; organizations will shut down because of low buys, and government’s income assortment will go down. Monetarily steady residents inside a nation involve a key mainstay of a country’s economy (Dolan, 2010). Incomes created from tax assessment are the central financers of the administration financial plan. In this way, a diminishing in charges suggests that the legislature will strain in meeting its consumptions. On the other

While You Wait

While You Wait… For those who dont yet know, two important, possibly life-shattering announcements: 1. MIT decisions will be released online at noon this Saturday, March 15 (Pi Day + 1). Best of luck to all of you! 2. Super Smash Brothers Brawl, possibly the most anticipated game of 2008, came out today. Can I just say w00t? In commemoration of this momentous event, with a nod towards MIT gamers everywhere, late last night hackers hung iconic symbols and emblems from the Super Smash Brothers series throughout Lobby 7. Although Ive yet to see the hack for myself, as Ive been working in my room all morning (having an 8.022 p-set due tomorrow will do that to you), photographer-extraordinaire Eric Schmiedl 09 was on the scene as usual and has graciously agreed to let me share his photos with you. With no further ado Poke Balls, Item Boxes, and Heart Containers oh my! I can has banana? Mario greets those entering the Infinite Corridor. I can has banana! On a related note, Ive received word that some of my fraternity brothers have acquired not just one but TWO copies of Brawl. Perhaps Ill be taking a break from my p-set later onuntil then, you can find me solving problems of current density, dielectrics, RC circuits, and all sorts of other physics fun. Just remember six more days! While You Wait… Like robotics? Like the Rubiks Cube? Check out this video that someone sent me. Discuss. (Sorry for the short post! Back to selection)

What Date Is Earth Week How to Celebrate

Earth Day is April 22nd, but many people extend the celebration to make it Earth Week. Earth Week usually runs from April 16th to Earth Day, April 22nd. The extended time allows students to spend more time learning about the environment and the problems we face. Sometimes when Earth Day falls in the middle of the week, people chose to select that Sunday through Saturday to observe the holiday. How to Celebrate Earth Week What can you do with Earth Week? Make a difference! Try making a small change that will benefit the environment. Keep at it all week so that by the time Earth Day arrives it might become a lifelong habit. Here are ideas for ways to celebrate Earth Week: Use the full week. Start by identifying an environmental concern in your home or community. Make a plan to improve the situation. Ask yourself what you can do. Can you do it by yourself or do you need help from friends or permission from someone? Put your plan into action, get out there, and make a change.​Get educated. Set aside time during Earth Week to read up on ecology and the environment. Learn how to save energy and about what you can recycle.Start a journal to track changes you make and the impact they make. For example, how much trash did you take out last week? Start recycling and choosing products that dont waste packaging, grow some of your own food, compost what you can. How much does that impact your trash? Did you make energy efficiency change? How did that affect your utility bills from one month to the next?Identify areas where you and your family are wasteful. How can you reduce the waste? Do you have items you no longer use that you could donate to other peo ple? Once you find a problem, find a solution and act on it.Turn down the thermostat on your water heater. Even a couple of degrees makes a big difference in energy consumption. Similarly, adjusting your home thermostat up a degree in the summer or down a degree in the winter wont really affect your comfort, but will save energy.If you water your lawn, plan to water it in the early morning to make the best use of the resource. Consider ways to make your yard greener. This has nothing to do with the color of grass and everything to do with reducing the energy required for upkeep and finding ways to use the space outside your home to enhance the environment. Adding trees, for example, can dramatically affect heating and cooling costs and lower the amount of water needed to keep grass healthy.Replace light bulbs with ones that are energy efficient. Even if you can only switch out one bulb, it can save energy.Start composting or start a garden.Plant a tree!Lend a helping hand. Volunteer to help recycle or pick up litter. Of course, what matters is not  when  you celebrate Earth Week, but  that  you celebrate Earth Week! Some countries turn this into a month-long celebration, so there is Earth Month rather than just Earth Day or Earth Week. Sources Bastian, Jonathan (April 21, 2017). How the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill sparked Earth Day. KCRW.  Wright, Sylvia (July 1980). Canadas First Earth Day Scheduled for Sept. 11.  The Kingston Whig Standard.

The Continuous Injustice And Discrimination Have Served

The continuous injustice and discrimination have served as a motivation for African Americans to create a voice for themselves. Although protests could be visualized as marches and sit-ins, they were not limited to these methods. African American writers made sure to create a space for themselves to protest and convince with their words and emotions put into their pieces.African American literature comprises of the African American culture itself. Works that fall into this genre focus on the hardships that African-American have and continue to face. These works are not restricted to the issue of slavery, although it may be incorporated with other important elements in a piece. In fact, some writers in this genre, while allowing for slavery†¦show more content†¦Hurston uses the themes of individuality, along with identity, to create a story of independence and freedom. To look further into the theme of individuality, Hurston uses many instances that set the main character, Ja nie, apart from others and deny her conformity with social norms. To explain, Janie in the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, demonstrates that her individuality can be found through redefining her morals and values. Janie marries three different men, and with each, she has a different experience that spurs her to reflect on herself and what she truly believes. Her first marriage to Logan Killicks, a wealthy farmer, is forced by her grandmother. Janie’s grandmother is one of the many characters that demonstrates the submission to the rules and standards of the dominant, white societal rules and standards. For example, after Janie visits her grandmother and tells her that she does not love Logan, her grandmother tells her, â€Å"You come head wid yo’ mouf full foolishness on uh busy day. Heah you got uh prop tuh lean on all yo’ bawn days, and big protection, and everybody got tuh tip dey hat tuh you and call you Mis’ Killicks, an you come worryinâ€℠¢ me ‘bout love† (Hurston 23). Her grandmother dismisses Janie’s feelings about love. Her grandmother believes that love will eventually come, but the status and wealth are what are important. Janie is entrapped, living how her grandmother wishes her to ratherShow MoreRelatedThe Nineteen Sixties Riots: Disasters Waiting to Happen Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesjust waiting for a crack to burst out of. All of the racial disturbances that occurred in the sixties can really be traced back to three main reasons: (1) discrimination and deprivation, (2) the civil rights movement and its doctrine of civil disobedience and (3) continuous mistreatment by the police. Racial injustice and discrimination is, perhaps the most obvious reason for the uprisings of Negro citizens of the ghettos in the sixties. 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How do the brain and eyes jointly process information Free Essays

Introduction The intricacies of the human eye enable us to interpret light and distinguish colour to produce vision. It is, however, the complexity of the processing in the visual pathway from eye to brain along which this information is interpreted and manifested that allows us to create a representation of the surrounding world, otherwise known as visual perception (Gibson, 1950). Whilst vision begins with the eye and ends with the brain, the way these organs work together and the relative influence each has on our perception is fundamental to producing what we see. We will write a custom essay sample on How do the brain and eyes jointly process information? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Light is first refracted onto the cornea of the eye before passing to the pupil and lens. An image is then projected onto the retina, resulting in the production of ganglion cells specialised to describe depth, colour, shape, motion, and light intensity (Nelson, 2007). Nerve spikes from the ganglion cells containing this information transmit to the brain’s optic nerve, by which visual information is passed for interpretation in the visual cortex. The right and left visual cortices comprise part of the occipital lobe of the brain, both receiving information from the opposite hemisphere’s visual field. The estimated 140 million neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) (Lueba Kraftsik, 1994) fire when visual stimuli appear within their receptive field, and these fields are tuned to receive stimuli of specific orientations and colours (Kandal et al., 2000). The receptive fields of neurons in more complex visual processing areas are able to detect more intricate stimuli such as faces (Kanwisher, McDermott Chun, 1997) or direction (Allman et al. 1984). The five identified visual areas (V1-V5) are interconnected with varying strengths, allowing information to be projected forward from one to another and feedback to be given. As the visual information passes through this hierarchy, it is proposed that is processed by two pathways of neural representation. These pathways, named the dorsal and ventral streams, are hypothesise d to deal with spatial attention and the recognition and perception of visual stimuli respectively, and involve the passing of visual information and representation further into the brain integrating it with awareness, attention, and memory functions (Ungerleider Mishkin, 1982). The process of visual perception, as the eye’s sensory input is interpreted throughout the brain enables us to perceive and construct our own visual world. Gibson (1966) proposed a direct theory of perception, affording the richness of the sensory input with the construction of the perceived visual outcome. He claimed that a variety of environmental cues, or affordances, aid the interpretation of the visual scene. These include brightness, texture gradient, relative size, and superimposition (where one object blocks another). Gibson believed that when combined with invariants (constancies within the environment ie. parallel lines appearing to converge toward a horizon) and optic flow (the pattern of light movement within a visual scene) this was enough to enable the perceiver to orient themselves and the surrounding environment. There are, however, complexities to Gibson’s bottom-up theory of visual processing. It may be overly simplistic to underestimate the role of a top-down influence from the brain. Gibson’s theory does not account for times when the visual system is fooled, or becomes subject to an illusion. Rubin’s Vase (Rubin, 1915) is a classic example of how the human visual system is subject to ambiguity, where one single visual stimulus can be perceived as two distinct images. If the visual system directly processes light into an image, it would follow that a single visual input would lead to a universal and singular output. However, the existence of ambiguity in the perception of a visual stimulus suggests there may be times when the brain cannot decide as to what representation to assign to the visual input. Further questions are raised when looking at the influence of context, and how this can lead us to misinterpret visual stimuli. The Ebbinghaus Illusion, demonstrates perceptual distortion, highlighting the role of contextual cues, where a circle surrounded by large circles is judged as smaller than the same circle surrounded by small circles (Obonai, 1954). This is suggestive of a higher-level process in which the brain applies context relevant logic to the interpretation of a visual stimuli. Additionally, experience provides strong influence over the processing of visual information. ‘Impossible illusions‘ such as Escher’s Waterfall, and the Hollow Face Illusion (Gregory, 1997) exploit concepts of experiential perceptual learning, such as knowledge that adjacent edges must join, and human faces are always convex. These illusions demonstrate how the brain aims to perceive coherence in 3D objects to make sense out of its visual environment, creating a captivating paradox between what we know and what we are actually seeing. Visual perception can be ambiguous, distorted, paradoxical, and even fictitious (Gregory, 1980). It appears to be influenced by context, experience, and expectation, a concept asserted by Richard Gregory (1970) who theorised perception as a top-down process. Deduced from observations of when the human visual system makes errors, Gregory proposed that the brain constructs a visual hypothesis from information processed by the eye based on former experience and knowledge. If the top-down, constructivist theory holds true, there are implications for the constancy of percepts between individuals. We all have idiosynchratic knowledge and experience. Do differences in internal representation lead individuals to perceive visual stimuli differently from each otherAdditionally, what is to be said for the perception of those that have no knowledge or experienceDoherty et al. (2010) observed an absence of suceptibility to the Ebbinghaus illusion in a number of children under seven years of age, perhaps suggestive that experience and knowledge does have an influence on visual information processing. Without the knowledge base, the children were not affected by the contextual cues. MacLeod (2007) proposes that top-down theories are based on times when visual conditions are poor, and bottom-up theories are founded in ideal viewing conditions; neither of which is an all encompassing explanation of perception. Recent research highlights the interaction of both constructivist and direct processes (MacLeod, 2007), with the proposal that when bottom-up, sensory information is abundant there is less input from contextual hypotheses, and when there is an absence of stimulus information, the brain draws on its prior knowledge and experience to comprehend the input (Ramachandran, 1994). It becomes apparent that the study of human perception and how it is influenced by not only the anatomical structure of the visual pathway, but also psychological components such as experience and knowledge will enable us to further understand how the eyes and the brain interact to process visual information. References: Allman, J., Miezin, F., McGuinness, E. (1985) ‘Direction- and velocity-specific responses from beyond the classical receptive field in the middle temporal visual area (MT)† Perception, 14(2), pp. 105 – 126. Doherty, M., Campbell, N., Hiromi, T., and Phillips, W. (2010) ‘The Ebbinghaus illusion deceives adults but not young children’, Developmental Science, 13(5), pp. 714-721. Gibson, J. (1950). The perception of the visual world. Oxford: Houghton Mifflin. Gibson, J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Oxford: Houghton Mifflin. Gregory, R. (1970). The Intelligent Eye. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Gregory RL. (1980) ‘Perceptions as hypotheses’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 290(B), pp. 181-197. Gregory, R. (1997) ‘Knowledge in perception and illusion’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, vol. 352, pp. 1121–1128. Kandal, E., Schwartz,J., and Jessell, T. (2000). Principles of Neural Science. 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., and Chun, M. (1997) ‘The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception’, Journal of Neuroscience, 17, pp. 4302-4311. Leuba, G., and Kraftsik, R. (1994) ‘Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age’, Anatomy of Embryology, 190, pp.351-366. McLeod, S. (2007). Simply Psychology. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 February 2012]. Nelson, R. (2007) Visual responses of ganglion cells. In: H. Kolb, E. Fernandez, and R. Nelson (eds.), The Organisation of the Retina and Visual System. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Centre. Obonai, T., (1954) ‘Induction effects in estimates of extent’, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, pp. 57-60. Ramachandran, V. (1994). In: R. Gregory, and J. Harris, (eds.) The Artful Eye. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 249–267. Rubin, E. (1915). Synsoplevede Figurer: Studier i psykologisk Analyse. Forste Del’ [Visually experienced figures: Studies in psychological analysis. Part one]. Copenhagen and Christiania: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag. Ungerleider, L., and Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In: D. Ingle, M. Goodale, and R. Mansfield, (eds). Analysis of Visual Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 549–586. How to cite How do the brain and eyes jointly process information?, Essay examples

the perfect doll free essay sample

In 1959 Ruth Handler altered the world of children’s play. The introduction of the Barbie doll coincided with the aspirations of young girls to be whatever they dreamt of. In this crazy world of make-believe, we are taught what is expected of us. We are supposed to exceed expectations. We are told to do the best we can, but really we are in constant competition. Competing to surpass our limits, to be passionate about our beliefs, to respect others. In this world of make-believe I was hiding. Hiding behind the doll that would always be more perfect than I would ever be. To this day, I hold true to the little girl I once was, the little girl that will always be close to my heart. I loved dolls, Barbies in particular. I would sit for hours using a little brush to make sure the dolls’ hair were perfect; shiny and smooth and falling in just the right direction. We will write a custom essay sample on the perfect doll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I wished I could grow up looking like Barbie. She was tall; she was skinny. She had Ken always by her side along with her trusty companions; everyone loved Barbie, everyone wanted to be her friend. Barbie was an astronaut. She was a mom, a teacher, a doctor, and a veterinarian. Barbie was my role model, my superhero. But when you’re done making believe, what’s next? Not being able to adjust to a high school in which I knew very few people, in which I was a minority in class and religion, I needed someone to turn to, something to turn to. An outlet that I was no longer able to get from school. The 12’’ doll no longer represented my hopes and dreams. She was the icon of my insecurities. I wasn’t skinny, or supermodel beautiful. I didn’t have a loyal sidekick, like Ken, and I was far from having anything like Barbie’s line of companions close to my side. As my self-confidence diminished, my sense of loneliness and depression rose increasingly. With nothing left to lose I began to attend meetings of a local Jewish youth group, BBYO. After four years in this amazing organization, I can proudly say that I found myself. I currently hold the position of my chapter president and I have never felt more of a sense of accomplishment. In this â€Å"world of BBYO†, age doesn’t matter. Everyone is accepting. It wasn’t until a recent 5-day regional convention that I truly felt I belonged. I sat in a close circle of 15 other people; boys and girls, all different ages. We each had two minutes, which seemed like an eternity. You could speak or sit in silence, but the two minutes were yours. We started with this, â€Å"If you really knew me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  If you really knew me, what would you know? We poured our hearts out. Family troubles, school issues, medical problems. A group of 15 teenagers who weren’t friends, shed tears for one another. Moments later everyone reconvened. We stood in a circle, 127 high school students standing arm in arm. â€Å"We all got a life to live. We all got a gift to give. Just open up your heart and let it out!† We all sang as silver teardrops raced down our cheeks. This was my family. We were there for each other through the difficult times. They were my support system when life tried to knock me down. I had a place I belonged an escape from high school drama and the stress of AP classes. Maybe I could still relate to Barbie. Sure she has it all, but was it always that way? Before the iconic doll was accepted as a young girl’s best friend she was rejected and knocked down by parents, stores, and toy buyers all over the country. She was a mockery at the New York City Toy Fair and yet she didn’t give up. When I was little, Barbie stood for the person I wanted to be. She had it all. This BBYO convention made me realize that nobody has it all. There have been numerous times I stared in the mirror and wished to be somebody else. I am now aware of the suffering and distress that is present in everyone’s lives. Maybe, just maybe, somewhere in the world there is a teenage girl staring in her mirror wishing she was me. I can finally be confident in my own skin. Barbie now represents a fighter. She didn’t give up and she finally gained respect. That night of the convention I got a word of advice. You must always love yourself. You can try to impress others but in the end, you live and die as an individual. Your self is the only thing that matters. In this world of make believe, I feel no need to hide.

rhetoric essay

rhetoric essay rhetoric essay Margaret Sanger gave her Children’s era speech in Newyork, Newyork on March 30, 1925 to a group at a birth control conference. She began a lifelong research in efforts to birth control. She was excited to share her research with the people. Her speech contains all three rhetoric forms but it mainly deals with logos and pathos. Her speech deals with the results of over population and the lack of options women are faced with such as birth control. She begins her speech talking about a garden and how much work and affection goes into taking care of a garden. The opening part of her speech about this garden deals with logos because she is talking about how to properly take care of your garden. â€Å"You have got to give your seeds a proper soil in which to grow.† It is an analogy going what should have been done and what has been done. Looking at something beautiful is fun but there comes all the responsibilities as well. The logic behind this message is she is opting women a way out of unplanned pregnancies. A way for women to not commit and over fill their plates. Trying to lower the population of children who women are are not ready for motherhood, Margaret takes action at the convention for birth control, where she gave her speech. Margaret then goes on saying there are seven conditions in which would make a mother unfit. The seven she describes are â€Å"transmissible disease, temporary disease, subnormal children a lready in the family, space out between births, twenty-three

Amargasaurus Profile

Amargasaurus Profile Name: Amargasaurus (Greek for La Amarga lizard:); pronounced ah-MAR-gah-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of South America Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (130 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and three tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Relatively small size; prominent spines lining neck and back About Amargasaurus Most of the sauropods of the Mesozoic Era looked pretty much like most every other sauropod- long necks, squat trunks, long tails and elephant-like legs- but Amargasaurus was the exception that proved the rule. This relatively slim plant-eater (only about 30 feet long from head to tail and two to three tons) had a row of sharp spines lining its neck and back, the only sauropod known to have possessed such an imposing feature. (True, the later titanosaurs of the Cretaceous period, direct descendants of the sauropods, were covered with scutes and spiny knobs, but these were nowhere near as ornate as those on Amargasaurus.) Why did the South American Amargasaurus evolve such prominent spines? As with similarly equipped dinosaurs (like the sailed Spinosaurus and Ouranosaurus), there are various possibilities: the spines may have helped to deter predators, they may have had some kind of role in temperature regulation (that is, if they were covered by a thin flap of skin capable of dissipating heat), or, most likely, they may simply have been a sexually selected characteristic (Amargasaurus males with more prominent spines being more attractive to females during mating season). As distinctive as it was, Amargasaurus appears to have been closely related to two other unusual sauropods: Dicraeosaurus, which was also equipped with (much shorter) spines emanating from its neck and upper back, and Brachytrachelopan, which was distinguished by its unusually short neck, probably an evolutionary adaptation to the types of food available in its South American habitat. There are other examples of sauropods adapting fairly quickly to the resources of their ecosystems. Consider Europasaurus, a pint-sized plant eater that barely weighed a single ton since it was restricted to an island habitat. Unfortunately, our knowledge of Amargasaurus is limited by the fact that only one fossil specimen of this dinosaur is known, discovered in Argentina in 1984 but only described in 1991 by the prominent South American paleontologist Jose F. Bonaparte. (Unusually, this specimen includes part of Amargasaurus skull, a rarity since the skulls of sauropods are easily detached from the rest of their skeletons after death). Oddly enough, the same expedition responsible for the discovery of Amargasaurus also unearthed the type specimen of Carnotaurus, a short-armed, meat-eating dinosaur that lived about 50 million years later!

Individualism and Community Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individualism and Community - Dissertation Example The period before 1900 was characterized by an element of self-reliance. This probably because of the people involved in writing that time; the majority of the writers during this period were men. As a result of this, it is evident that most writings of the period were influenced by gender. For instance, Emerson asserts that his writing is all about himself and not what he has heard about other men (1873). In relation to his assertion, it is apparent that egotism of men influenced their ideas in writing. To emphasize the point of self-reliance, Emerson expounds on how the words of one of the painters of that period made him realize the essence of believing in oneself thought and what is in one’s heart (Emerson 1163). In relation to his assertion, one can deduce that self-reliance was a virtue of the majority of the men in the period before 1900. Decision-making was not influenced by outside forces; men believed in themselves in making decisions. The art of that period also enc ourages people to abide by their â€Å"spontaneous impression with good-humored inflexibility† (Emerson 1163). In relation to individualism, men emphasized on trusting oneself and the environment in which one resided. For instance, Emerson claims that great men worked through their hands, and as a result of this, he advocates the independence of solitude. Majority of the misunderstandings in the society were as a result of men’s individualism in making decisions. According to the writing by Emerson (1168), men trusted their emotion.

Terrorism Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terrorism Assignment - Essay Example Al Qaeda has, despite its being weakened through the efforts of the United States and its allies, still has the ability to target a diverse number of locations all over the world, and these mainly tend to be American interests. One of the reasons why al Qaeda has continued to survive and remain a threat to America is because of the sectarian divisions in the Middle East (Poole, 2010), which has made it easier for it to gain some political support from some prominent members of government who sympathize with them. This has ensured that members of the organization have safe places where they can operate without any interference from their respective government. It can be suggested that the presence of external forces in the Middle East, such as NATO’s military presence, have helped strengthen the organization because the former is seen as an invading force targeting Muslims instead of terrorists. Furthermore, the power vacuum left from the ousting of Saddam Hussein in Iraq ensur ed that the presence of Al Qaeda was expanded to this country. The fact that al Qaeda is still a threat to the United States has called to question its ability to protect its civilians from any potential attacks from this organization especially after the catastrophe in 2001. The security posture of the United States before the September 11 attacks is very different from the one which came after these attacks. Before these attacks, the federal government played an extremely restricted role in the internal security of the nation and most of the security matters were left in the hands of the state and local governments. Since the responsibility for internal security was left to the latter, one would surmise that they concentrated more on the domestic threat than on any potential one from outside the United States (Borch, 2003). In addition to this, most of the security agencies at the federal level were not on a high alert for any foreign attacks on the United States because such threats were considered to be non-existent. All these changed after the attacks as the United States moved to swiftly secure itself from the new external threat, al Qaeda (Chau, 2008). The activation of the American security apparatus has worked well towards ensuring that no furthe r attacks on the United States on the same scale as September 2001 have yet to occur again. The intelligence services, which once jealously guarded their jurisdictions from each other have seen an unprecedented level of cooperation between them, and these has been facilitated by the development of fusion centers as points through which they have come to share intelligence. The fact that these agencies are now sharing information, has ensured that they have become more effective in their fight against al Qaeda both at a local and international level and many potential strikes by this organization have been pre-empted (Sales, 2010). The American military has bases all over the world in allied countries and these have been put in place to protect American interests in these respective regions. Among the most prominent military bases can be found in the Middle East where they have been continuously used to fight terrorism in this region (Crook, 2006). The military has been an effective tool in dealing with the threat to the United States from al Qaeda. One of the most notable acts of the military was when Navy Seals attacked and killed the former al Qaeda leader, Osama bin Laden, dealing a massive blow to the terrorist organization (Soherwordi et al, 2011). Furthermore, the military has used drones to strike at specific targets within al Qaeda who have been found to be a threat to the national security of the United States. Because of this drone strikes (Hudson, et al, 2012), many prominent al Qaeda leaders have been

Loose Tight Dimensions Of Hrm Commerce Essay

Loose Tight Dimensions Of Hrm Commerce Essay HRM is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations and most valued assets of the organization. In general term used to describe a variety of functions aimed at effectively managing an organizations employees or human resources. HRM is professionals oversee the people side of an organization including benefits, career development, training, hiring, and many other functions. The goal of HRM is to assist organizations to meet their strategic goals by attracting and retaining qualified employees, and managing them effectively while ensuring that the organization complies with all appropriate labor laws. HRM meet the need of business and management, to gain commitment of employees to add value to the business. Dimensions of HRM Approach HRM Focus Hard Treats employees simply as a resource of the business (like machinery). Strong link with corporate business planning what resources need, how to get them and how much will they cost. Identify workforce needs of the business and recruit manage accordingly. Their focus on organizational prospective Soft Treats employees as the most important resource in the business and a source of competitive advantage. Employees are treated as individuals and their needs are planned accordingly. Concentrate on the needs of employees their roles, rewards, motivation etc. Soft HRM focus on interests of the employees. Table Guest model of hard-soft dimensions of HRM HR polices can be categorized as two, tight and loose the different between a system based on compliance and system based on commitment. Compliance; they work because they have to do, for fear of some negative consequence, example; losing their job. Commitment; doing something, one believes that one is doing right thing to do. HRM and personal /IR compared to 27 dimension of storys Story has established a theoretical model based on perception of how organizations have evolved from major personnel and IR practices to HRM practices. This model is based on ideal types and also story emphasizes 27 dimensions of difference between personnel and IR against HRM. It describes four elements, which differentiate HRM such as beliefs and assumptions, strategic aspects, line Management and key levers. C:UsershpDesktopPicture1.jpg Table 27 Dimensions of Storys compared to HRM and personnel/ IR practices Briefly explaining some of 27 dimensions of storys Speed of decision; in personal approach the speed of decision is very slow because they are decision making process is long, they have depend on top level managers decision and some time decision depend upon their subordinates. But in HRM approach the speed of decision is fast, line manager can make decision on time and act on it. Job design; personal approach jobs are design according to their specific task so the employees will be specialist in their field, most of the time they have along and do their task. But in HRM approach they are job designing based on teamwork so employees can shear their ideas and get better solution for problems or task. Communication; personal approach employees cant directly communicate top level employees there will be intermediates or middleman to convey massage. In HRM approach employees can directly communicate to line manager or top level manager so they can talk about their problems or discuss their task with managers. Management role; personal approach management role will be transactional leadership were they known to establish performance specifications and make sure they are accomplished by a given deadline, limit the contentment of employees and create a low amount of employee commitment. In HRM approach transformational leadership as the ability of a leader to motivate employees to surpass their own individual aspirations for the greater good of the organization. Transformational leaders are morally responsible manager who focuses on developing the moral maturity, values, and standards of his or her subordinates and strengthening their devotion to serve the well-being of others, their organization, and society beyond self-interest (Burns, J.1978). Role of the line managers and employees of the organization Line managers are crucial man to the success of HR policies and practices. The respective roles of HR, line management discussion are taken by line manager. Line manager is the person who is authorized to direct the work of subordinates and is responsible for accomplishing the organizations tasks. Responsibility of line managers typically include; Place the right person on the right job Orientate new employees and train employees Improve the job performance of each person Gain creative cooperation and developing smooth working relationships Interpret the companys policies and procedures Controlling labor costs Develop the abilities of each employees Creating and maintain department morale Protect employees health and physical condition Role of the line manager Employee are most powerful aspect of the company, they have different levels of responsible for managing one or more business aspects. In their various roles, employees have the responsibility to manage those processes that they are assigned to. For example, employees working in the financial department are responsible for managing the financials of the company. But top level managers are responsible for managing the decision making processes and overseeing business operations for the best interest of the business. The responsibilities of employees are, Deal with customers Responsible for day-to-days operation of the company Interact relevant managers Involve in planning process Minimize cost and etc. Role of the Employees Section B (Answers for Statements) There are potential benefits for both the individual and the organization from using a proper performance management system Performance management systems is a process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure it is achieved. The aim of performance management systems is to improve individuals performance and consequently organizational performance to achieve organizational goals. Such system can play a crucial role in managing the performance in an organization by: Increase profits; by increasing employee productivity and quality of work. Equitable treatment of employees; All employees are treated fairly by implementing. Increase employee responsibility; Communicating realistic but challenging job expectations and making employee accountable for their decisions and actions result in noticeable improvements in employee tardiness, absences and organizational commitment. As a HR manager, you need to manage different human resource practices in the workplace Yes as a HR manager he needs to manage different human resource practices in the workplace. HR practices on workplace trust, job satisfaction, commitment, effort and perceived organizational performance. According to Julian Gould-Williams postal survey of UK local government employees, the results support the hypothesis that HR practices are powerful predictors of trust and organizational performance. These findings demonstrate the need for organizations to re-evaluate their current HR practices in an attempt to improve overall performance of organization (Julian Gould-Williams, 2003). This mean HR manager needs to manage various HR practices improve overall performance of employees and organization. There is greater impact of globalization on issues such as human resource planning Yes i agree this statement there is an impact of globalization on issues such as human resource planning. Globalization is which requires organizations to move people, idea, products and information around the world to meet local needs. The main responsibilities is transforming as the modern business faces pressure of globalization. The pressure on traditional HR models taking place can be traced to globalization. The increasing prevalence of globalization is driven by a number of factors, including shortage of talent in developed countries, availability of low cost labor and technological progress. Different national cultures and practices make an influence for making a culturally diverse workforce Culture may be defined as the values, beliefs and behaviors shared by a group of people. A group may be identified by many criteria such as nationality, religion geography or language. Although nationality may encompass several cultures it is the most commonly used notion of culture. Culture plays a significant role in workplace assumptions, behavior and organizational cultures. Cultural diversity within workforce is now the norm as well as an economic necessity. Spurred on by globalization and increased personal mobility, the need for skilled immigrants to fulfill labor shortages has brought many changes to the workplace. In 2005, Forfà ¡s estimated that, in addition to indigenous skilled workers, Ireland would require up to 30,000 skilled immigrants per annum to fulfill their labor shortages over the next decade (Expert Group on Future Skills Needs, 2005). The rapid shift from a predominantly indigenous and homogenous workforce to a culturally diverse one brings challenges and opportunities for organizations. Challenges can be broad ranging from basic communications and language difficulties to complexities in decision-making processes and team management. However, international experience shows that managing cultural diversity in an effective way enables organizations not only overcome such challenges but also to fully exploit the opportunities of cultur al synergy to strategic advantage. Cultural differences remain persistent and present an array of challenges for companies. Firms that manage adaptation effectively are able to achieve congruence in the various cultures where they operate while extending their main sources of advantage across borders, and in some cases even making cultural diversity itself a source of advantage. While this has emphasized cultural differences, which are often underappreciated, its equally important to take note of cultural similarities. High and low power distance cultures, for example, both reflect responses to common challenges around how human beings should properly interact with each other in the face of inevitable differences in the power they hold in particular contexts. Different national, cultural practice influence managing the workforce and understanding of national culture to make better decisions. The basic way is that improving the alignment or congruence between management practices and cultural contexts; Participative management can improve profitability in low power distance cultures but worsen it in high power distance cultures Quick fixes can improve profitability in more short-term oriented cultures but worsen it in more long term oriented cultures Merit-based pay and promotion policies can improve profitability in more masculine cultures and reduce it in more feminine cultures Emphasizing individual contributions can improve profitability in more individualistic cultures and worsen it in more collectivistic cultures The above highlighted key points that can help align business practices to national culture. It often makes sense to structure such analyses around the intersection of specific dimensions of cultural distance and business functions or workforce in order to arrive at a meaningful level of specificity. Task 02 Section A (Answers for Case study) Explain the Audit Firms model of flexibility According to Audit Commission they use mainly three types of flexibility such as numerical flexibility, functional flexibility and place-of-work flexibility. Numerical flexibility; the Audit Commission is always faced with peaks and mangers in the workload. Those situations they increasing or reducing staff to adjust the quantity of labour to meet fluctuations in demand. In Functional flexibility; the Audit Commission developed flexibility by developing skills of its staffs to deal any work. So the nature work changes, employees are easy handle different tasks. Place-of-work flexibility; the Audit Commission uses this way to respond to the challenges within their business environment. This method of working has helped it to meet more closely the needs of its staff. As part of its flexible working arrangements, homeworking has helped to transform the ways in which many people work and improve their work-life-balance. Briefly explain the need for flexibility The need for flexibility is increase due to demographic and social changes the number of people in the paid workforce with caring responsibilities is set to increase. Moreover, increasing competition has placed emphasis on quality, innovation and reducing the unit cost of production job design and the organization of work must both mobilize employees energies for quality innovation and reliable productivity. To having a flexibility policy however isnt enough to satisfy the need of firm to be considered best practice. Flexible workplace can also boost retention, productivity and innovation. According to the given case study the firm is implementing the correct types of flexibility to their employees. The firms believes that its ability to deal effectively with the need for flexibility strengthens its position as an employer of choice and enables the group to deliver levels of service that differentiate from its competitors. Evaluate the advantages and dis advantages of flexible working practices Advantages Disadvantages Less stress Flexible work arrangements are not always appropriate for all people Employers have great freedom to organize their work to finish on time. Some time employees have to take their own time to finish work Homeworking helps an organization to develop family-friendly policies that improve the work-life balance of its staff especially in Audit Commission. Employees have to spend extra time to do work if they do homeworking and unequal pay and benefits Choice of working patterns More and more legislation is being brought forward to enable employees to request flexible working but this legislation is not always necessary, sometimes it just creates an unnecessary administrative burden. Less absence and staff turnover Difficulty of retentive staff development Improves more productivity and efficiency For certain jobs working from home is inappropriate Increased feeling of personal control over schedule and working environment Negative impact on staff productivity and camaraderie. Less training opportunities Table Evaluate the advantages and dis advantages of flexible working practices Section B (Essay) Equal opportunities within the workplace Equal opportunity within the workplace is all about providing a fair workplace and fair procedures for employees. In today most of the companies giving several equal opportunities to their employees but some organization doesnt have equal opportunities. It is recognized that in order to achieve equal opportunity for all, the Force must recognize and address the diverse needs of staff and will ensure that due consideration is given to the impact of all employment activates on staff and make appropriate adjustments to ensure equality of opportunity. Discriminating employees by looking their gender identity, nationality, race, colour, ethnic origin, age, disability, marital or family status, religion or religious beliefs, or any other such thins which rise to unfair or unjustified discriminatory behavior or processes is forms of discrimination. The legislative frameworks of discrimination are direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination is treating one person less favorably than another in the same or similar situations, or dividing them from others solely because they have for example a disability or illness. Refusing to employ someone who has the required skills because they are, for example deaf, over a certain age or pregnant would constitute such discrimination. Indirect discrimination happens when there is a provision or practice which applies equally to everyone which, in practice, has an adverse impact on a particular group and cannot be justified. For example an unnecessary physical or age requirement can discriminate against women or disabled people. There are several acts against discrimination in work place. Sex discrimination act (SDA) (1975 AND 1986), The SDA makes it unlawful to discriminate against a person, directly or indirectly on grounds of sex and or marriage, in employment or in the provision of goods, facilities or services. Direct sex discrimination occurs when a person of one sex is treated less favorably, on the grounds of sex, than a person of the other sex would be treated in the same or not materially different circumstances. Indirect sex discrimination occurs where a requirement or condition is applied equally to both women and men, but a proportion of one sex which can comply with it is much smaller than the proportion of the other sex which can comply. Discrimination and equal opportunity policy (Maplecroft, 2010) the aim of this policy is to ensure that the entity has activities in place to prevent discrimination and promote equal opportunity within the workplace, enriching the diversity, rights and morale of employees and enhancing the organizations relations and reputation. Equal opportunities basically focuses on management activity by recruiting results it benefits for employees to improve opportunities for disadvantaged employees. Likewise, management diversity focuses on management activity by managing results to benefit for employees to improved opportunities for all managers. At the end if an employees believe that they are treated more fairly and reasonably, the word of mouth will spread that company genuinely and it recruits and promoted on merit and it meet its equal opportunity responsibilities. By doing this company can gain competitive advantage. Moreover, on evaluating the above points it is clear that legislation can be a favor for both the parties such as employee and employer if they are followed legally and practiced inside the organization but however because of many reasons these are not followed in certain areas and organization and the framework is still not followed. By analyzing Current thinking about how diversity works in practice in organizations is developing all the time. Whether you believe diversity should complement or supplement equal opportunities, building these approaches into your volunteering recruitment and development practices will bring benefits, not only to the volunteers themselves, as well as to the organization. Ther efore, everyone is treated equally, ensuring staff are judged on their merits or qualifications. This in turn makes for a happier workplace and provides a sense of trust in the organization. It leads to good staff morale, encourages more objective appointments, and can provide diversity in the workplace.

PlayStation Marketing Mix & Environment & Target Essay

The PlayStation brand is a series of video game consoles created and developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. PlayStation was the idea of Ken Kutaragi, who known as â€Å"The father of the PlayStation†, a Sony executive who had just come out of his hardware engineering division at that time. The console’s origins date back to 1986 where it was originally a joint project between Nintendo and Sony to create a CD-ROM for the Super Nintendo. The PlayStation made its debut at the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1991 when Sony revealed its console, a Super Famicom/SNES with a built-in CD-ROM drive. However, a day after the announcement, Nintendo announced that it would be breaking its partnership with Sony. The deal was broken by Nintendo after they were unable to come to an agreement on how revenue would be split between the two companies. The breaking of the partnership infuriated Sony President Norio Ohga, who responded by appointing Kutaragi with the responsibility of developing of the PlayStation project to rival Nintendo. The original PlayStation released in December 1994 was the first of the ubiquitous PlayStation series of console and hand-held game devices. Target Market They targeted at fans of video games and teenager or audience starting at 17+ and the focus is more on the male. Of course the games themselves have limits on who can play them, depending on the â€Å"content rating† on the game’s cover. Sony developed the PlayStation with the intention of hitting a wider, especially the older generation of gaming enthusiasts. Marketing Mix * Product: â€Å"A successful marketing efforts result in product that become a part of everyday life†, and that what Sony reached by offers games of all genres to match customers gaming preference. With its product PlayStation they have succeeded in satisfying the customers’ wishes by developing it among the time as requirements of the customers and their needs. * Distribution Decisions with respect to distribution focus on making the product available in adequate quantities at places where customers are normally expected to shop for them to satisfy their needs. Selecting the appropriate retailers or wholesalers is an important thing. PlayStation covered the market. It’s distributes it in various channels, customer buy it from the retailers recognized by Sony, and these retailers buy the products directly from the company itself. * Promotion Promotion is a key element of marketing program and is concerned with effectively and efficiently communicating the decisions of marketing strategy. A company’s promotional efforts are the only controllable means to create awareness among publics about itself, the products and services it offers, their features and influence their attitudes favorably. Advertising campaign carried out by Sony to promote their product for PlayStation was big, they published video clips on the Internet, and they have advertisements in television screens, newspapers and magazines all over the world and other promotional media are very important in term of creation awareness about it. Some of the phrases in the ads are: â€Å"Live In Your World. Play In Ours.† â€Å"Wherever, Whenever, Forever.† The most notable of recent PlayStation commercials is the series of â€Å"It Only Does Everything†, these commercials garnered popularity among gamers. * Price Pricing decisions are almost always made in consultation with marketing management. Customers directly relate price to quality. PlayStation is with price range from moderately-high. Here in Saudi Arabia its price varies from SR 1300 to 1700 first raises the market, and then begins gradually decrease its. Marketing Environment * Competitive Biggest competitors to PlayStation are Wii of Nintendo and Xbox from Microsoft. The competition among them is very strong, PlayStation sales dropped against Wii at the beginning of 2008, and one of the reasons is its low price. *Numbers in thousands * Technological The current penetration of Internet creates the stimulus for the increase use of Internet as information. The introductions of new technologies have changed the nature of customer’s expectations, creating new zones of tolerance. Today, customers expect more flexibility, speed and dependability from retailers, than before the introduction of web-based technologies. * Sociocultural The price has become the key determinant of purchase choice. Various consumers are always looking for the best price opportunities. Also, research shows the large number of UK consumers’ choice of product strongly depends on the appeal of product mix and its congruence with their self-concept.

Comparing the City in the United States and Canada

Canadian and American cities may appear remarkably similar. They both display great ethnic diversity, impressive transportation infrastructure, high socioeconomic status, and sprawl. However, when the generalizations of these traits are broken down, it reveals a multitude of urban contrasts. Sprawl in the United States and Canada In contrast, even when controlling for population data from annexed territory, six of the ten largest Canadian cities saw a population explosion from 1971-2001 (the Canadian census was conducted one year after U.S. census), with Calgary experiencing the largest growth at 118%. Four cities did experience population declines, but none to the extent of their U.S. counterparts. Toronto, Canadas largest city lost only 5% of its population. Montreal experienced the steepest decline, but at 18%, it still pales in comparison to the 44% loss incurred by cities like St. Louis, Missouri. The difference between the intensity of sprawl in America and Canada has to do with the countries divergent approaches to urban development. American metropolitan areas are heavily centered around the automobile, while Canadian areas are more focused on public transit and pedestrian traffic. Transportation Infrastructure in the United States and Canada Unlike their neighbors to the south, Canada only has 648,000 miles of total roads. Their highways stretch just over 10,500 miles, less than nine percent of total United States road mileage. Noted, Canada only has one-tenth the population and much of its land is uninhabited or under permafrost. But nevertheless, Canadian metropolitan areas are not nearly as centered on the automobile as their American neighbors. Instead, the average Canadian is more than twice as likely to utilize public transportation, which contributes to its urban centralization and overall higher density. All seven of Canadas largest cities display public transit ridership in the double digits, in comparison to just two in the entire United States (Chicago 11%, NYC 25%). According to the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA), there are over 12,000 active buses and 2,600 rail vehicles across Canada. Canadian cities also resemble more closely to the European style of smart growth urban design, which advocates co mpact, pedestrian and bicycle-friendly land use. Thanks to its less-motorized infrastructure, Canadians on average walk twice as often as their American counterparts and bike three times the miles. Ethnic Diversity in the United States and Canada Although minority urban development has its similarities in the United States and Canada, their demographic and level of integration differs. One divergence is the discourse of the American melting pot versus the Canadian cultural mosaic. In the United States, most immigrants usually assimilate themselves rather quickly into their parent society, while in Canada, ethnic minorities tend to remain more culturally and geographically distinctive, at least for a generation or two. There is also a demographic dissimilarity between the two countries. In the United States, Hispanics (15.1%) and Blacks (12.8%) are the two dominate minority groups. The Latino cultural landscape can be seen throughout many southern cities, where Spanish urban designs are most prevalent. Spanish is also now the second most widely spoken and written language in the United States. This, of course, is the result of Americas geographic proximity to Latin America. In contrast, Canadas largest minority groups, excluding the French, are South Asians (4%) and Chinese (3.9%). The extensive presence of these two minority groups is attributed to their colonial connection to Great Britain. A vast majority of the Chinese are emigrants from Hong Kong, who fled the island in sizable numbers just prior its 1997 handover to communist China. Many of these immigrants are affluent and they have purchased a great deal of property throughout Canadas metropolitan areas. As a result, unlike in the United States where ethnic enclaves are usually found exclusively in the central city, Canadian ethnic enclaves have now spread into the suburbs. This ethnic invasion-succession has dramatically altered the cultural landscape and galvanized social tensions in Canada. Sources: CIA World Factbook (2012). Country profile: USA. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html CIA World Factbook (2012). Country profile: Canada. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html Lewyn, Michael. Sprawl in Canada and the United States. Graduate Department of Law: University of Toronto, 2010

Illegal Drinking in the United States - 588 Words

During the Progressive Movement, the United States saw an opportunity to moderate people’s drinking of alcohol. They wanted to stop all manufacturing, distributing, and selling of alcoholic beverages. October 28, 1919, that day Congress approved legislation, the Volstead Act, which implemented the Eighteenth Amendment. The Eighteenth Amendment also took away license to continue their business. Early 19th century United States was when alcohol began to become a complication. The Prohibition began January 17, 1920, which is when the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect. Women in the 19th century blamed many of society’s problems on alcohol. The women of this time took direct action into getting rid of saloons and all liquor. â€Å"The crusade sought to persuade saloon-keepers to destroy their beverages, close their doors, and enter some other line of business.† (http://prohibition.osu.edu/womans-crusade-1873-74). One powerful woman, Eliza Daniel Stewart, spoke out against liquor. She gave a speech which helped her lead the formation of the British Woman’s Temperance Association. Women disapproved alcohol because they believe alcohol caused problems in society. Prohibition was widely popular in the United States. The Anti Saloon League, founded in 1893 in Oberlin, Ohio began life as a state organization. After 1895 the League became a powerful national organization. The League was a non-partisan organization their only focus was on prohibition. Gangs of illegal alcoholShow MoreRelatedThe Temperance Movement Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesmedical use. The theme of the Literature was to explain what the Temperance Movement was about. The Temperance Movement was a major campaign on the prohibition on alcohol that is to stop the drinking of alcohol in the United States of America. The Temperance Movement had a major issue about people drinking alcohol. It was a major issue because alcohol was ruining families and making families poor. Alcohol is a major waste of money and destroys the lives of people and there families. â€Å"NeverthelessRead MoreBanning College Students From Consuming Alcohol Before The Age Of Age847 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative effect on the college campus because underage uncontrolled drinking occurs more often. If citizens of the United States are old enough to make life changing decisions for themselves and the country as a whole, why can t they buy an alcoholic drink? The current legal drinking age is twenty-one, but it should be lowered to eighteen and controlled in a safe environment. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism states that â€Å"about four out of five college students drink alcohol.†Read MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1692 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Drinking Age Act. This act stated that all states must raise their minimum drinking age to 21. Individuals under the age of 21 would now be prohibited from purchasing or being in public possession of any alcoholic beverage. Though not every state was keen on this idea, they all jumped to raise the minimum drinking age due to the government threat that they would lose up to 10% of their federal highway funding if they ignored the request. However, since the National Minimum Drinking Age ActRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States Should Be Lowered929 Words   |  4 PagesAn argument that many tend to dispute today, whether the drinking age of the United States should be lowered from 21 to 18. The drinking age for people to drink alcoholic beverages was made into law by the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. This ant enforced all states to raise their legal drinking age to 21. To get this law pass, the congress tried to strongarm the states, if the states did not comply, the government would take away their highway funds. Both arguments for it to be lowered and toRead MoreDrinking Age Annotated Bibliography Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Lives The legal drinking age in the United States is the only age that is above 19 years of age. Everywhere else in the world the age is 19 and under and some countries don’t even have a drinking age. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because it will help all the problems that come with underage drinking. There is a numerous amount of reasons to change the drinking age to 18 and there are also many opposing thoughts on it as well. Three reasons to lower the drinking age in the US is toRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 19841219 Words   |  5 Pagesand college-aged students. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because adults can legally marry, begin a career and support a family, as well as serve in the military and prison. Along with these and many other reasons, the rebellious nature for wanting to participate in illegal activities is an immense driving force for why teens and young adults drink illegally. Why is the Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21? State governments decided their own individual drinking age after Prohibition ended inRead MoreKeeping the Minimum Legal Drinking Age1283 Words   |  6 Pageslegal drinking age in the United States or not. Many Americans forbid the idea of legalizing the drinking age so that it would be profitable to the businesses. Likewise, there have been many advantages and disadvantages of why should the government allow young adults drink under the age of 21. To prevent this issue, many Americans have provided reasoning that will support the idea of keeping the minimum legal drinking age where it is now. The government should maintain the minimum legal drinking ageRead MoreProhibition : A Cold Beer On Sunday And You Can t Purchase It?1344 Words   |  6 Pages it didn’t mean that there were not illegal sellers of the desired products. With that being said, that is where Jay Gatsby, the main character of The Great Gatsby comes into the topic w ith his drug stores he operates. Prohibition was a time in the United States that shaped us into the country that we still freely live in today. The everlasting effects are still present today, such as the ban of purchasing alcohol on Sundays in forty-five out of fifty states in the USA. Prohibition was enacted toRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States1270 Words   |  6 Pagesan additional privilege is the ability for one to be able to legally drink. The United States is one of the only countries who ´s legal drinking age is separate from the declared age of an official adult under the law. The idea of putting restrictions on a â€Å"legal† adult, makes the issue more complicated for that their are still restrictions that make an adult like a child. The legal drinking age in the United States should be lowered to the age of 18 because it will not only give the full right ofRead MoreMarijuana vs. Alcohol in the United States Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana vs. Alcohol In The United States Marijuana and alcohol are the two most threatening drugs used in America today. Marijuana is the most illicit drug while alcohol is the most abused. Both were illegal during the prohibition but when the constitution was ratified in 1933 alcohol was made legal while marijuana remained illegal. It does not mean that because alcohol is still legal it’s less dangerous than marijuana. Both drugs lead to serious risks and should be taken with caution if used